How Mnemonic Phrases Work and How They Are Generated (feat. Security)

When you create a personal wallet like MetaMask, you'll see a message asking you to back up your mnemonic safely. At first glance it might not seem like a big deal, but what exactly is a mnemonic, and why does it need to be stored so carefully?

How mnemonic phrases work, how they are generated, and how to keep them secure

The mnemonic was first proposed by Bitcoin developers. It takes a randomly generated hexadecimal entropy code and ultimately converts it into words that people can read. Sounds a bit complicated? Once we go through it step by step, it can actually be quite fun!

How a Mnemonic Phrase Is Generated

A mnemonic phrase is created in 5 steps. The first is 1) generating the entropy code. The entropy code is a randomly generated code that looks like this. It's fairly complex-looking data that isn't easy to make sense of.

067170851317b7832d58847bc10203b977dafb5ac7aeae9e3b086b8cb8f29c39

In the next step, this is converted into binary. Each character of the entropy is turned into a 4-digit binary number, giving a total of 256 bits in binary form.

00000110011 10001011100 00100001010 00100110001 01111011011 11000001100 10110101011 00010000100 01111011110 00001000000 10000000111 01110010111 01111101101 01111101101 01101011000 11110101110 10101110100 11110001110 11000010000 11010111000 11001011100 01111001010 01110000111 001

After the binary conversion, 3) a checksum is added. A checksum is a form of redundancy check, a way of protecting the integrity of data. As shown below, 8 bits of binary data are appended to the end of the binary code.

4) Now it's time to convert this data into decimal. The 264-bit binary code with the checksum added is split into 24 groups of 11 bits each, and each group is converted into a decimal number.

51 1116 266 305 987 1548 1451 132 990 64 1031 919 1005 1005 856 1966 1396 1934 1552 1720 1628 970 903 319

5) The final step is converting these numbers into mnemonic words. A list of 2048 mnemonic words is defined in advance, and the words matching each decimal number are used as the mnemonic seed.

The terms mnemonic and seed phrase are often used interchangeably. Strictly speaking, however, the mnemonic refers to the hexadecimal numbers and string, while the mnemonic seed phrase is that value converted into 12 or 24 human-readable words out of 2048.

The 2048 Mnemonic Seed Words

The 2048 words used when generating a personal wallet's seed phrase are listed below. Seed phrases used in decentralized wallets are created by randomly combining words from the table below.

#	Word	#	Word	#	Word	#	Word	#	Word
0	abandon	1	ability	2	able	3	about	4	above
5	absent	6	absorb	7	abstract	8	absurd	9	abuse
10	access	11	accident	12	account	13	accuse	14	achieve
15	acid	16	acoustic	17	acquire	18	across	19	act
20	action	21	actor	22	actress	23	actual	24	adapt
25	add	26	addict	27	address	28	adjust	29	admit
30	adult	31	advance	32	advice	33	aerobic	34	affair
35	afford	36	afraid	37	again	38	age	39	agent
40	agree	41	ahead	42	aim	43	air	44	airport
45	aisle	46	alarm	47	album	48	alcohol	49	alert
50	alien	51	all	52	alley	53	allow	54	almost
55	alone	56	alpha	57	already	58	also	59	alter
60	always	61	amateur	62	amazing	63	among	64	amount
65	amused	66	analyst	67	anchor	68	ancient	69	anger
70	angle	71	angry	72	animal	73	ankle	74	announce
75	annual	76	another	77	answer	78	antenna	79	antique
80	anxiety	81	any	82	apart	83	apology	84	appear
85	apple	86	approve	87	april	88	arch	89	arctic
90	area	91	arena	92	argue	93	arm	94	armed
95	armor	96	army	97	around	98	arrange	99	arrest
100	arrive	101	arrow	102	art	103	artefact	104	artist
105	artwork	106	ask	107	aspect	108	assault	109	asset
110	assist	111	assume	112	asthma	113	athlete	114	atom
115	attack	116	attend	117	attitude	118	attract	119	auction
120	audit	121	august	122	aunt	123	author	124	auto
125	autumn	126	average	127	avocado	128	avoid	129	awake
130	aware	131	away	132	awesome	133	awful	134	awkward
135	axis	136	baby	137	bachelor	138	bacon	139	badge
140	bag	141	balance	142	balcony	143	ball	144	bamboo
145	banana	146	banner	147	bar	148	barely	149	bargain
150	barrel	151	base	152	basic	153	basket	154	battle
155	beach	156	bean	157	beauty	158	because	159	become
160	beef	161	before	162	begin	163	behave	164	behind
165	believe	166	below	167	belt	168	bench	169	benefit
170	best	171	betray	172	better	173	between	174	beyond
175	bicycle	176	bid	177	bike	178	bind	179	biology
180	bird	181	birth	182	bitter	183	black	184	blade
185	blame	186	blanket	187	blast	188	bleak	189	bless
190	blind	191	blood	192	blossom	193	blouse	194	blue
195	blur	196	blush	197	board	198	boat	199	body
200	boil	201	bomb	202	bone	203	bonus	204	book
205	boost	206	border	207	boring	208	borrow	209	boss
210	bottom	211	bounce	212	box	213	boy	214	bracket
215	brain	216	brand	217	brass	218	brave	219	bread
220	breeze	221	brick	222	bridge	223	brief	224	bright
225	bring	226	brisk	227	broccoli	228	broken	229	bronze
230	broom	231	brother	232	brown	233	brush	234	bubble
235	buddy	236	budget	237	buffalo	238	build	239	bulb
240	bulk	241	bullet	242	bundle	243	bunker	244	burden
245	burger	246	burst	247	bus	248	business	249	busy
250	butter	251	buyer	252	buzz	253	cabbage	254	cabin
255	cable	256	cactus	257	cage	258	cake	259	call
260	calm	261	camera	262	camp	263	can	264	canal
265	cancel	266	candy	267	cannon	268	canoe	269	canvas
270	canyon	271	capable	272	capital	273	captain	274	car
275	carbon	276	card	277	cargo	278	carpet	279	carry
280	cart	281	case	282	cash	283	casino	284	castle
285	casual	286	cat	287	catalog	288	catch	289	category
290	cattle	291	caught	292	cause	293	caution	294	cave
295	ceiling	296	celery	297	cement	298	census	299	century
300	cereal	301	certain	302	chair	303	chalk	304	champion
305	change	306	chaos	307	chapter	308	charge	309	chase
310	chat	311	cheap	312	check	313	cheese	314	chef
315	cherry	316	chest	317	chicken	318	chief	319	child
320	chimney	321	choice	322	choose	323	chronic	324	chuckle
325	chunk	326	churn	327	cigar	328	cinnamon	329	circle
330	citizen	331	city	332	civil	333	claim	334	clap
335	clarify	336	claw	337	clay	338	clean	339	clerk
340	clever	341	click	342	client	343	cliff	344	climb
345	clinic	346	clip	347	clock	348	clog	349	close
350	cloth	351	cloud	352	clown	353	club	354	clump
355	cluster	356	clutch	357	coach	358	coast	359	coconut
360	code	361	coffee	362	coil	363	coin	364	collect
365	color	366	column	367	combine	368	come	369	comfort
370	comic	371	common	372	company	373	concert	374	conduct
375	confirm	376	congress	377	connect	378	consider	379	control
380	convince	381	cook	382	cool	383	copper	384	copy
385	coral	386	core	387	corn	388	correct	389	cost
390	cotton	391	couch	392	country	393	couple	394	course
395	cousin	396	cover	397	coyote	398	crack	399	cradle
400	craft	401	cram	402	crane	403	crash	404	crater
405	crawl	406	crazy	407	cream	408	credit	409	creek
410	crew	411	cricket	412	crime	413	crisp	414	critic
415	crop	416	cross	417	crouch	418	crowd	419	crucial
420	cruel	421	cruise	422	crumble	423	crunch	424	crush
425	cry	426	crystal	427	cube	428	culture	429	cup
430	cupboard	431	curious	432	current	433	curtain	434	curve
435	cushion	436	custom	437	cute	438	cycle	439	dad
440	damage	441	damp	442	dance	443	danger	444	daring
445	dash	446	daughter	447	dawn	448	day	449	deal
450	debate	451	debris	452	decade	453	december	454	decide
455	decline	456	decorate	457	decrease	458	deer	459	defense
460	define	461	defy	462	degree	463	delay	464	deliver
465	demand	466	demise	467	denial	468	dentist	469	deny
470	depart	471	depend	472	deposit	473	depth	474	deputy
475	derive	476	describe	477	desert	478	design	479	desk
480	despair	481	destroy	482	detail	483	detect	484	develop
485	device	486	devote	487	diagram	488	dial	489	diamond
490	diary	491	dice	492	diesel	493	diet	494	differ
495	digital	496	dignity	497	dilemma	498	dinner	499	dinosaur
500	direct	501	dirt	502	disagree	503	discover	504	disease
505	dish	506	dismiss	507	disorder	508	display	509	distance
510	divert	511	divide	512	divorce	513	dizzy	514	doctor
515	document	516	dog	517	doll	518	dolphin	519	domain
520	donate	521	donkey	522	donor	523	door	524	dose
525	double	526	dove	527	draft	528	dragon	529	drama
530	drastic	531	draw	532	dream	533	dress	534	drift
535	drill	536	drink	537	drip	538	drive	539	drop
540	drum	541	dry	542	duck	543	dumb	544	dune
545	during	546	dust	547	dutch	548	duty	549	dwarf
550	dynamic	551	eager	552	eagle	553	early	554	earn
555	earth	556	easily	557	east	558	easy	559	echo
560	ecology	561	economy	562	edge	563	edit	564	educate
565	effort	566	egg	567	eight	568	either	569	elbow
570	elder	571	electric	572	elegant	573	element	574	elephant
575	elevator	576	elite	577	else	578	embark	579	embody
580	embrace	581	emerge	582	emotion	583	employ	584	empower
585	empty	586	enable	587	enact	588	end	589	endless
590	endorse	591	enemy	592	energy	593	enforce	594	engage
595	engine	596	enhance	597	enjoy	598	enlist	599	enough
600	enrich	601	enroll	602	ensure	603	enter	604	entire
605	entry	606	envelope	607	episode	608	equal	609	equip
610	era	611	erase	612	erode	613	erosion	614	error
615	erupt	616	escape	617	essay	618	essence	619	estate
620	eternal	621	ethics	622	evidence	623	evil	624	evoke
625	evolve	626	exact	627	example	628	excess	629	exchange
630	excite	631	exclude	632	excuse	633	execute	634	exercise
635	exhaust	636	exhibit	637	exile	638	exist	639	exit
640	exotic	641	expand	642	expect	643	expire	644	explain
645	expose	646	express	647	extend	648	extra	649	eye
650	eyebrow	651	fabric	652	face	653	faculty	654	fade
655	faint	656	faith	657	fall	658	false	659	fame
660	family	661	famous	662	fan	663	fancy	664	fantasy
665	farm	666	fashion	667	fat	668	fatal	669	father
670	fatigue	671	fault	672	favorite	673	feature	674	february
675	federal	676	fee	677	feed	678	feel	679	female
680	fence	681	festival	682	fetch	683	fever	684	few
685	fiber	686	fiction	687	field	688	figure	689	file
690	film	691	filter	692	final	693	find	694	fine
695	finger	696	finish	697	fire	698	firm	699	first
700	fiscal	701	fish	702	fit	703	fitness	704	fix
705	flag	706	flame	707	flash	708	flat	709	flavor
710	flee	711	flight	712	flip	713	float	714	flock
715	floor	716	flower	717	fluid	718	flush	719	fly
720	foam	721	focus	722	fog	723	foil	724	fold
725	follow	726	food	727	foot	728	force	729	forest
730	forget	731	fork	732	fortune	733	forum	734	forward
735	fossil	736	foster	737	found	738	fox	739	fragile
740	frame	741	frequent	742	fresh	743	friend	744	fringe
745	frog	746	front	747	frost	748	frown	749	frozen
750	fruit	751	fuel	752	fun	753	funny	754	furnace
755	fury	756	future	757	gadget	758	gain	759	galaxy
760	gallery	761	game	762	gap	763	garage	764	garbage
765	garden	766	garlic	767	garment	768	gas	769	gasp
770	gate	771	gather	772	gauge	773	gaze	774	general
775	genius	776	genre	777	gentle	778	genuine	779	gesture
780	ghost	781	giant	782	gift	783	giggle	784	ginger
785	giraffe	786	girl	787	give	788	glad	789	glance
790	glare	791	glass	792	glide	793	glimpse	794	globe
795	gloom	796	glory	797	glove	798	glow	799	glue
800	goat	801	goddess	802	gold	803	good	804	goose
805	gorilla	806	gospel	807	gossip	808	govern	809	gown
810	grab	811	grace	812	grain	813	grant	814	grape
815	grass	816	gravity	817	great	818	green	819	grid
820	grief	821	grit	822	grocery	823	group	824	grow
825	grunt	826	guard	827	guess	828	guide	829	guilt
830	guitar	831	gun	832	gym	833	habit	834	hair
835	half	836	hammer	837	hamster	838	hand	839	happy
840	harbor	841	hard	842	harsh	843	harvest	844	hat
845	have	846	hawk	847	hazard	848	head	849	health
850	heart	851	heavy	852	hedgehog	853	height	854	hello
855	helmet	856	help	857	hen	858	hero	859	hidden
860	high	861	hill	862	hint	863	hip	864	hire
865	history	866	hobby	867	hockey	868	hold	869	hole
870	holiday	871	hollow	872	home	873	honey	874	hood
875	hope	876	horn	877	horror	878	horse	879	hospital
880	host	881	hotel	882	hour	883	hover	884	hub
885	huge	886	human	887	humble	888	humor	889	hundred
890	hungry	891	hunt	892	hurdle	893	hurry	894	hurt
895	husband	896	hybrid	897	ice	898	icon	899	idea
900	identify	901	idle	902	ignore	903	ill	904	illegal
905	illness	906	image	907	imitate	908	immense	909	immune
910	impact	911	impose	912	improve	913	impulse	914	inch
915	include	916	income	917	increase	918	index	919	indicate
920	indoor	921	industry	922	infant	923	inflict	924	inform
925	inhale	926	inherit	927	initial	928	inject	929	injury
930	inmate	931	inner	932	innocent	933	input	934	inquiry
935	insane	936	insect	937	inside	938	inspire	939	install
940	intact	941	interest	942	into	943	invest	944	invite
945	involve	946	iron	947	island	948	isolate	949	issue
950	item	951	ivory	952	jacket	953	jaguar	954	jar
955	jazz	956	jealous	957	jeans	958	jelly	959	jewel
960	job	961	join	962	joke	963	journey	964	joy
965	judge	966	juice	967	jump	968	jungle	969	junior
970	junk	971	just	972	kangaroo	973	keen	974	keep
975	ketchup	976	key	977	kick	978	kid	979	kidney
980	kind	981	kingdom	982	kiss	983	kit	984	kitchen
985	kite	986	kitten	987	kiwi	988	knee	989	knife
990	knock	991	know	992	lab	993	label	994	labor
995	ladder	996	lady	997	lake	998	lamp	999	language
1000	laptop	1001	large	1002	later	1003	latin	1004	laugh
1005	laundry	1006	lava	1007	law	1008	lawn	1009	lawsuit
1010	layer	1011	lazy	1012	leader	1013	leaf	1014	learn
1015	leave	1016	lecture	1017	left	1018	leg	1019	legal
1020	legend	1021	leisure	1022	lemon	1023	lend	1024	length
1025	lens	1026	leopard	1027	lesson	1028	letter	1029	level
1030	liar	1031	liberty	1032	library	1033	license	1034	life
1035	lift	1036	light	1037	like	1038	limb	1039	limit
1040	link	1041	lion	1042	liquid	1043	list	1044	little
1045	live	1046	lizard	1047	load	1048	loan	1049	lobster
1050	local	1051	lock	1052	logic	1053	lonely	1054	long
1055	loop	1056	lottery	1057	loud	1058	lounge	1059	love
1060	loyal	1061	lucky	1062	luggage	1063	lumber	1064	lunar
1065	lunch	1066	luxury	1067	lyrics	1068	machine	1069	mad
1070	magic	1071	magnet	1072	maid	1073	mail	1074	main
1075	major	1076	make	1077	mammal	1078	man	1079	manage
1080	mandate	1081	mango	1082	mansion	1083	manual	1084	maple
1085	marble	1086	march	1087	margin	1088	marine	1089	market
1090	marriage	1091	mask	1092	mass	1093	master	1094	match
1095	material	1096	math	1097	matrix	1098	matter	1099	maximum
1100	maze	1101	meadow	1102	mean	1103	measure	1104	meat
1105	mechanic	1106	medal	1107	media	1108	melody	1109	melt
1110	member	1111	memory	1112	mention	1113	menu	1114	mercy
1115	merge	1116	merit	1117	merry	1118	mesh	1119	message
1120	metal	1121	method	1122	middle	1123	midnight	1124	milk
1125	million	1126	mimic	1127	mind	1128	minimum	1129	minor
1130	minute	1131	miracle	1132	mirror	1133	misery	1134	miss
1135	mistake	1136	mix	1137	mixed	1138	mixture	1139	mobile
1140	model	1141	modify	1142	mom	1143	moment	1144	monitor
1145	monkey	1146	monster	1147	month	1148	moon	1149	moral
1150	more	1151	morning	1152	mosquito	1153	mother	1154	motion
1155	motor	1156	mountain	1157	mouse	1158	move	1159	movie
1160	much	1161	muffin	1162	mule	1163	multiply	1164	muscle
1165	museum	1166	mushroom	1167	music	1168	must	1169	mutual
1170	myself	1171	mystery	1172	myth	1173	naive	1174	name
1175	napkin	1176	narrow	1177	nasty	1178	nation	1179	nature
1180	near	1181	neck	1182	need	1183	negative	1184	neglect
1185	neither	1186	nephew	1187	nerve	1188	nest	1189	net
1190	network	1191	neutral	1192	never	1193	news	1194	next
1195	nice	1196	night	1197	noble	1198	noise	1199	nominee
1200	noodle	1201	normal	1202	north	1203	nose	1204	notable
1205	note	1206	nothing	1207	notice	1208	novel	1209	now
1210	nuclear	1211	number	1212	nurse	1213	nut	1214	oak
1215	obey	1216	object	1217	oblige	1218	obscure	1219	observe
1220	obtain	1221	obvious	1222	occur	1223	ocean	1224	october
1225	odor	1226	off	1227	offer	1228	office	1229	often
1230	oil	1231	okay	1232	old	1233	olive	1234	olympic
1235	omit	1236	once	1237	one	1238	onion	1239	online
1240	only	1241	open	1242	opera	1243	opinion	1244	oppose
1245	option	1246	orange	1247	orbit	1248	orchard	1249	order
1250	ordinary	1251	organ	1252	orient	1253	original	1254	orphan
1255	ostrich	1256	other	1257	outdoor	1258	outer	1259	output
1260	outside	1261	oval	1262	oven	1263	over	1264	own
1265	owner	1266	oxygen	1267	oyster	1268	ozone	1269	pact
1270	paddle	1271	page	1272	pair	1273	palace	1274	palm
1275	panda	1276	panel	1277	panic	1278	panther	1279	paper
1280	parade	1281	parent	1282	park	1283	parrot	1284	party
1285	pass	1286	patch	1287	path	1288	patient	1289	patrol
1290	pattern	1291	pause	1292	pave	1293	payment	1294	peace
1295	peanut	1296	pear	1297	peasant	1298	pelican	1299	pen
1300	penalty	1301	pencil	1302	people	1303	pepper	1304	perfect
1305	permit	1306	person	1307	pet	1308	phone	1309	photo
1310	phrase	1311	physical	1312	piano	1313	picnic	1314	picture
1315	piece	1316	pig	1317	pigeon	1318	pill	1319	pilot
1320	pink	1321	pioneer	1322	pipe	1323	pistol	1324	pitch
1325	pizza	1326	place	1327	planet	1328	plastic	1329	plate
1330	play	1331	please	1332	pledge	1333	pluck	1334	plug
1335	plunge	1336	poem	1337	poet	1338	point	1339	polar
1340	pole	1341	police	1342	pond	1343	pony	1344	pool
1345	popular	1346	portion	1347	position	1348	possible	1349	post
1350	potato	1351	pottery	1352	poverty	1353	powder	1354	power
1355	practice	1356	praise	1357	predict	1358	prefer	1359	prepare
1360	present	1361	pretty	1362	prevent	1363	price	1364	pride
1365	primary	1366	print	1367	priority	1368	prison	1369	private
1370	prize	1371	problem	1372	process	1373	produce	1374	profit
1375	program	1376	project	1377	promote	1378	proof	1379	property
1380	prosper	1381	protect	1382	proud	1383	provide	1384	public
1385	pudding	1386	pull	1387	pulp	1388	pulse	1389	pumpkin
1390	punch	1391	pupil	1392	puppy	1393	purchase	1394	purity
1395	purpose	1396	purse	1397	push	1398	put	1399	puzzle
1400	pyramid	1401	quality	1402	quantum	1403	quarter	1404	question
1405	quick	1406	quit	1407	quiz	1408	quote	1409	rabbit
1410	raccoon	1411	race	1412	rack	1413	radar	1414	radio
1415	rail	1416	rain	1417	raise	1418	rally	1419	ramp
1420	ranch	1421	random	1422	range	1423	rapid	1424	rare
1425	rate	1426	rather	1427	raven	1428	raw	1429	razor
1430	ready	1431	real	1432	reason	1433	rebel	1434	rebuild
1435	recall	1436	receive	1437	recipe	1438	record	1439	recycle
1440	reduce	1441	reflect	1442	reform	1443	refuse	1444	region
1445	regret	1446	regular	1447	reject	1448	relax	1449	release
1450	relief	1451	rely	1452	remain	1453	remember	1454	remind
1455	remove	1456	render	1457	renew	1458	rent	1459	reopen
1460	repair	1461	repeat	1462	replace	1463	report	1464	require
1465	rescue	1466	resemble	1467	resist	1468	resource	1469	response
1470	result	1471	retire	1472	retreat	1473	return	1474	reunion
1475	reveal	1476	review	1477	reward	1478	rhythm	1479	rib
1480	ribbon	1481	rice	1482	rich	1483	ride	1484	ridge
1485	rifle	1486	right	1487	rigid	1488	ring	1489	riot
1490	ripple	1491	risk	1492	ritual	1493	rival	1494	river
1495	road	1496	roast	1497	robot	1498	robust	1499	rocket
1500	romance	1501	roof	1502	rookie	1503	room	1504	rose
1505	rotate	1506	rough	1507	round	1508	route	1509	royal
1510	rubber	1511	rude	1512	rug	1513	rule	1514	run
1515	runway	1516	rural	1517	sad	1518	saddle	1519	sadness
1520	safe	1521	sail	1522	salad	1523	salmon	1524	salon
1525	salt	1526	salute	1527	same	1528	sample	1529	sand
1530	satisfy	1531	satoshi	1532	sauce	1533	sausage	1534	save
1535	say	1536	scale	1537	scan	1538	scare	1539	scatter
1540	scene	1541	scheme	1542	school	1543	science	1544	scissors
1545	scorpion	1546	scout	1547	scrap	1548	screen	1549	script
1550	scrub	1551	sea	1552	search	1553	season	1554	seat
1555	second	1556	secret	1557	section	1558	security	1559	seed
1560	seek	1561	segment	1562	select	1563	sell	1564	seminar
1565	senior	1566	sense	1567	sentence	1568	series	1569	service
1570	session	1571	settle	1572	setup	1573	seven	1574	shadow
1575	shaft	1576	shallow	1577	share	1578	shed	1579	shell
1580	sheriff	1581	shield	1582	shift	1583	shine	1584	ship
1585	shiver	1586	shock	1587	shoe	1588	shoot	1589	shop
1590	short	1591	shoulder	1592	shove	1593	shrimp	1594	shrug
1595	shuffle	1596	shy	1597	sibling	1598	sick	1599	side
1600	siege	1601	sight	1602	sign	1603	silent	1604	silk
1605	silly	1606	silver	1607	similar	1608	simple	1609	since
1610	sing	1611	siren	1612	sister	1613	situate	1614	six
1615	size	1616	skate	1617	sketch	1618	ski	1619	skill
1620	skin	1621	skirt	1622	skull	1623	slab	1624	slam
1625	sleep	1626	slender	1627	slice	1628	slide	1629	slight
1630	slim	1631	slogan	1632	slot	1633	slow	1634	slush
1635	small	1636	smart	1637	smile	1638	smoke	1639	smooth
1640	snack	1641	snake	1642	snap	1643	sniff	1644	snow
1645	soap	1646	soccer	1647	social	1648	sock	1649	soda
1650	soft	1651	solar	1652	soldier	1653	solid	1654	solution
1655	solve	1656	someone	1657	song	1658	soon	1659	sorry
1660	sort	1661	soul	1662	sound	1663	soup	1664	source
1665	south	1666	space	1667	spare	1668	spatial	1669	spawn
1670	speak	1671	special	1672	speed	1673	spell	1674	spend
1675	sphere	1676	spice	1677	spider	1678	spike	1679	spin
1680	spirit	1681	split	1682	spoil	1683	sponsor	1684	spoon
1685	sport	1686	spot	1687	spray	1688	spread	1689	spring
1690	spy	1691	square	1692	squeeze	1693	squirrel	1694	stable
1695	stadium	1696	staff	1697	stage	1698	stairs	1699	stamp
1700	stand	1701	start	1702	state	1703	stay	1704	steak
1705	steel	1706	stem	1707	step	1708	stereo	1709	stick
1710	still	1711	sting	1712	stock	1713	stomach	1714	stone
1715	stool	1716	story	1717	stove	1718	strategy	1719	street
1720	strike	1721	strong	1722	struggle	1723	student	1724	stuff
1725	stumble	1726	style	1727	subject	1728	submit	1729	subway
1730	success	1731	such	1732	sudden	1733	suffer	1734	sugar
1735	suggest	1736	suit	1737	summer	1738	sun	1739	sunny
1740	sunset	1741	super	1742	supply	1743	supreme	1744	sure
1745	surface	1746	surge	1747	surprise	1748	surround	1749	survey
1750	suspect	1751	sustain	1752	swallow	1753	swamp	1754	swap
1755	swarm	1756	swear	1757	sweet	1758	swift	1759	swim
1760	swing	1761	switch	1762	sword	1763	symbol	1764	symptom
1765	syrup	1766	system	1767	table	1768	tackle	1769	tag
1770	tail	1771	talent	1772	talk	1773	tank	1774	tape
1775	target	1776	task	1777	taste	1778	tattoo	1779	taxi
1780	teach	1781	team	1782	tell	1783	ten	1784	tenant
1785	tennis	1786	tent	1787	term	1788	test	1789	text
1790	thank	1791	that	1792	theme	1793	then	1794	theory
1795	there	1796	they	1797	thing	1798	this	1799	thought
1800	three	1801	thrive	1802	throw	1803	thumb	1804	thunder
1805	ticket	1806	tide	1807	tiger	1808	tilt	1809	timber
1810	time	1811	tiny	1812	tip	1813	tired	1814	tissue
1815	title	1816	toast	1817	tobacco	1818	today	1819	toddler
1820	toe	1821	together	1822	toilet	1823	token	1824	tomato
1825	tomorrow	1826	tone	1827	tongue	1828	tonight	1829	tool
1830	tooth	1831	top	1832	topic	1833	topple	1834	torch
1835	tornado	1836	tortoise	1837	toss	1838	total	1839	tourist
1840	toward	1841	tower	1842	town	1843	toy	1844	track
1845	trade	1846	traffic	1847	tragic	1848	train	1849	transfer
1850	trap	1851	trash	1852	travel	1853	tray	1854	treat
1855	tree	1856	trend	1857	trial	1858	tribe	1859	trick
1860	trigger	1861	trim	1862	trip	1863	trophy	1864	trouble
1865	truck	1866	true	1867	truly	1868	trumpet	1869	trust
1870	truth	1871	try	1872	tube	1873	tuition	1874	tumble
1875	tuna	1876	tunnel	1877	turkey	1878	turn	1879	turtle
1880	twelve	1881	twenty	1882	twice	1883	twin	1884	twist
1885	two	1886	type	1887	typical	1888	ugly	1889	umbrella
1890	unable	1891	unaware	1892	uncle	1893	uncover	1894	under
1895	undo	1896	unfair	1897	unfold	1898	unhappy	1899	uniform
1900	unique	1901	unit	1902	universe	1903	unknown	1904	unlock
1905	until	1906	unusual	1907	unveil	1908	update	1909	upgrade
1910	uphold	1911	upon	1912	upper	1913	upset	1914	urban
1915	urge	1916	usage	1917	use	1918	used	1919	useful
1920	useless	1921	usual	1922	utility	1923	vacant	1924	vacuum
1925	vague	1926	valid	1927	valley	1928	valve	1929	van
1930	vanish	1931	vapor	1932	various	1933	vast	1934	vault
1935	vehicle	1936	velvet	1937	vendor	1938	venture	1939	venue
1940	verb	1941	verify	1942	version	1943	very	1944	vessel
1945	veteran	1946	viable	1947	vibrant	1948	vicious	1949	victory
1950	video	1951	view	1952	village	1953	vintage	1954	violin
1955	virtual	1956	virus	1957	visa	1958	visit	1959	visual
1960	vital	1961	vivid	1962	vocal	1963	voice	1964	void
1965	volcano	1966	volume	1967	vote	1968	voyage	1969	wage
1970	wagon	1971	wait	1972	walk	1973	wall	1974	walnut
1975	want	1976	warfare	1977	warm	1978	warrior	1979	wash
1980	wasp	1981	waste	1982	water	1983	wave	1984	way
1985	wealth	1986	weapon	1987	wear	1988	weasel	1989	weather
1990	web	1991	wedding	1992	weekend	1993	weird	1994	welcome
1995	west	1996	wet	1997	whale	1998	what	1999	wheat
2000	wheel	2001	when	2002	where	2003	whip	2004	whisper
2005	wide	2006	width	2007	wife	2008	wild	2009	will
2010	win	2011	window	2012	wine	2013	wing	2014	wink
2015	winner	2016	winter	2017	wire	2018	wisdom	2019	wise
2020	wish	2021	witness	2022	wolf	2023	woman	2024	wonder
2025	wood	2026	wool	2027	word	2028	work	2029	world
2030	worry	2031	worth	2032	wrap	2033	wreck	2034	wrestle
2035	wrist	2036	write	2037	wrong	2038	yard	2039	year
2040	yellow	2041	you	2042	young	2043	youth	2044	zebra
2045	zero	2046	zone	2047	zoo

Once the mnemonic phrase is generated, it is hashed 2048 times with the PBKDF2 HMAC-SHA512 hash algorithm, and the private and public keys are derived from the resulting master seed key.

Can a Mnemonic Phrase Be Hacked?

The odds of finding a mnemonic phrase by randomly guessing are extremely low. In fact, the probability is close to 0% (0.00000000000000000000000000001%), and even a high-performance supercomputer could need thousands of years or more.

The estimated time to crack a mnemonic, by number of words and computing power, is shown below. It's practically impossible with an ordinary computer, and even a supercomputer would take thousands to tens of thousands of years.

Number of mnemonic words	Possible combinations	Entropy	Typical laptop CPU	GeForce GTX 1080	Specialized ASIC	Super ASIC
2 words	2048^2	22 bits	7 seconds	4 seconds	Instant	Instant
3 words	2048^3	33 bits	10 days	2 hours	85 seconds	8 seconds
4 words	2048^4	44 bits	55 years	203 days	2 days	4 hours
5 words	2048^5	55 bits	114,000 years	1,000 years	11 years	1.5 years
6 words	2048^6	66 bits	∞	∞	∞	2,000 years
7 words	2048^7	77 bits	∞	∞	∞	∞

That's why hackers rarely try to guess mnemonic phrases by burning huge amounts of computing resources. Instead, they exploit weaknesses in how private keys are managed and try to steal seed phrases that users have recorded online.

Keeping Your Mnemonic Phrase Safe

If you forget your mnemonic phrase, you may lose access to your wallet forever. So when you create a wallet, it's a good idea to write the mnemonic phrase down and keep it in a safe offline place. Just be especially careful, since paper can get wet, burn, or tear and be lost.

Reference: https://myseedkey.com/mnemonic/

How Mnemonic Phrases Work and How They Are Generated (feat. Security)

How a Mnemonic Phrase Is Generated

The 2048 Mnemonic Seed Words

Can a Mnemonic Phrase Be Hacked?

Keeping Your Mnemonic Phrase Safe

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